即将举行的网络研讨会:实现无需离心的流式细胞术样品制备工作流程的标准化
1.异质性:因为每个细胞都是独特的,不同类型的细胞活特定的组合机制。即使是同一来源的单个细胞也可能在分子生物学、表型、功能等方面具有特征和差异。由于生物过程和环境。而我们的常规测序技术往往只关注细胞群,只得到平均值,忽略了细胞的异质性。
2.稀缺数量:如胚胎细胞、干细胞等。往往是稀缺的,没有其他技术可以分析它们,除了单细胞方法。这种方法使我们能够识别各种组织中稀有和重要的细胞亚群。
单细胞测序主要应用在哪些领域?
根据单细胞研究的需要和特点,在肿瘤研究、生殖研究、发育生物学、微生物学、神经科学等领域发挥着重要作用。
1.在微生物研究
单细胞测序在微生物领域也取得了重要突破。2017年,来自美国UCSF的研究组实现原核生物的微生物单细胞测序技术。
2.在神经科学
单细胞测序有助于科学家更深入地理解脑神经细胞。2017年,研究小组根据甲基化和调控的特点,区分了老鼠和人脑样本中的神经元亚型,鉴定了人类前额叶皮层中的一组新神经元。研究人员利用单细胞甲基化序列分析老鼠和人类前额叶皮层样本中约6200个神经元,并根据甲基化和调节因素特征聚类已知神经元亚型。另外,研究表明,人脑中有一种称为“六层兴奋性神经元”的新神经元亚型,具有独特的甲基化标志物。
3.在免疫学领域
传统的免疫细胞分析方法从大量细胞中提取样本,低估了单个免疫细胞的多样性,因此需要更准确地检测个别免疫细胞的遗传物质,了解机体复杂的免疫机制。
实际上,单细胞测序是在单细胞水平上对基因组、转录组和表观遗传学进行高吞吐量测量序列分析的新技术。它揭示了单个细胞的基因结构及基因表达状态,反映了细胞之间的异质性,在肿瘤、发育生物学、微生物学、神经科学等领域发挥了重要作用,成为生命科学研究的热点。
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